Transgenic rats are animal models which have foreign DNA incorporated into the rat genome and are used to research a wide range of gene functions and human diseases. In this article, we review the basic information on transgenic rat models, research application examples, and how they can be developed.
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After deciding upon a CRISPR-mediated gene knockout strategy and obtaining the gRNA, the next step would be choosing the suitable strategy for cell transfection to introduce gRNA and Cas9 protein into cells. The efficiency of this transfection step directly affects the overall success rate of CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing and subsequent model generation.
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A humanized mouse model is a broad term referring to a mouse engrafted with functional human genes, cells, or tissues. This type of model is usually used as an powerful in vivo model for preclinical study of human diseases. Humanized mouse models have become an important animal model for identifying how human genes impact development and disease.
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Gene knock-in (KI), a.k.a. knockin, mice are generated by introducing specific mutations or exogenous genes into specific sites of the target gene through homologous recombination, so that the expression of the gene knockin may be tracked through the expression of a reporter.
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In general, metabolic disorders lead to abnormal accumulation or lack of metabolic substances in the body - such metabolic diseases have serious impacts on human health. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of obesity accompanied with other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL levels, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. Obesity is increasing worldwide, and its association with these metabolic symptoms increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
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The traditional approaches used in gene function studies, especially in cell lines, include gene interference, gene overexpression, and gene knockout. Herein, we will focus on discussing the most popular approach, gene knockout – a mutation that inactivates a gene function.
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PD ranks second among neurodegenerative diseases. The most well-known symptom of PD is involuntary tremors, characterized by uncontrolled shaking, most notably in the hands. Another important symptom is the weakening of balance ability, but it should be noted that the weakening of balance has nothing to do with cerebellar injury.
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Engineered nuclease-mediated genome editing, especially CRISPR, has emerged as a promising technology which can serve as an alternative to the conventional, embryonic stem (ES) cell homologous recombination-based generation of animal models.
CRISPR, which stands for “Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,” works alongside Cas proteins to form the CRISPR-Cas complex – a biological technology originally derived from a prokaryotic adaptive immunity system. To show how this process works, our video introduces the individual components of a CRISPR-Cas complex using the SHANK3 gene as an example.
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In higher eukaryotes, most genes contain introns. After transcription is complete, the removal of introns from mRNA should be done by splicing to generate mature and translationally active mRNA. This process is carried out and stimulated by the spliceosome. The main spliceosome contains five types of snRNA (small nuclear RNA), i.e., U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, as well as the protein factors that interact with them [1]. Among them, U6 snRNA is at the core and most conservative position. It is located at the catalytic center of the spliceosome, which is essential for the catalytic activity of the spliceosome.
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With continuous advancement, our searchable Knockout Catalog Model Repository contains over 16k custom knockout (KO) and cKO/floxed strains available to researchers with delivery in as fast as 3 months. We aim to increase mouse model accessibility for researchers worldwide providing high-quality rodent models in the most economic and efficient way.
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